A total of 151 oak timbers preserved in a waterlogged environment were dated between 54 BC and reveal unexpectedly refined carpentry skills.
Here we present annually resolved and absolutely dated dendroarchaeological information from four wooden water wells of the early Neolithic period that were excavated in Eastern Germany. Motivation, course, and timing of this transformation, however, remain debatable. Permanent settlement structures and agricultural production systems required fundamental innovations in technology, subsistence, and resource utilization. The European Neolithization ∼6000−4000 BC represents a pivotal change in human history when farming spread and the mobile style of life of the hunter-foragers was superseded by the agrarian culture.
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